JFK Assasination essays

JFK Assasination essays They admired his working personality, his lively presidency, and his timeless way, and they respected his courage in time of decision (Patterson 42). These words describe one of the best leaders our nation has ever seen. In his presidency, John F. Kennedy had to keep us out of war during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and also deal with problems in Berlin. Within our country the president promoted civil rights, gave a tax cut to spur the economy, introduced Medicare, and promoted better education. The space program began to soar during his short term in office. Regarding space, Kennedy said, First I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is out of landing a man on the moon (Patterson 42). Even though many great programs were introduced during his three-year term, the Presidency of John F. Kennedy will always be remembered because of his assassination and the conspiracies surrounding it. Many people are unaware of Kennedys life before the presidency. He was born of Irish immigrants in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29th, 1917. He grew up, graduated from high school, went to Princeton University, and then graduated from Harvard. While here Kennedy wrote a thesis about foreign policy that was later published as, Why London Slept. After his formal education, Kennedy joined the Navy in 1941. While serving in the Pacific, Kennedys boat, PT109, was shot by Japanese torpedoes and sunk. In a heroic effort, JFK saved his entire crew from drowning. While doing this, he aggravated a back injury, which forced him to be discharged four years later. (Patterson 42). After his service in the Navy, Kennedy ran for a Boston seat in the House of Representatives. He made it a goal to help working class America by voting for legislation to promote their lives. He also showed strong anti-communist views and criticized Harry S. Truman fo...

student Essays

student Essays student Essay student Essay Final Exam Case for 2215 December 5 2013 The following case will be used for the 2215 Final Exam. The chapters that will be referenced in the exam from the ORGB textbook are: 12Leadership; 1 5-0rg Structure and Design; 16- Culture and 17- Managing Change. There will be 5 questions worth 6 marks each. Heidi Weigand Chapters ZAPPOS. COM: ARE CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY THE SUPER HIGHWAY TO THE FUTURE? Zappos. com isnt the first business venture pursued by entrepreneur Tony Hsieh. He cofounded LinkExchange shortly after graduating from Harvard with a computer science degree. LinkExchange allowed amateur Web publishers to barter for dvertising by agreeing to publish 1 one anothers ads. LinkExchange proved to be a successful business venture, but Hsieh became 2 depressed because the work was no longer fun. When it was Just five or ten people, it was a lot of fun. We were working around the clock, no idea what day of the week it was, sleeping under our desks, says Hsieh. 0 [Continuing, he explains,] [w]e hired all the right people in terms of 3 skill sets, but by the time it was 100 or so, I dreaded going to the office. Hsieh increasingly felt that the people he had hired were not committed to the ventures ongterm growth. 0 Work, which once had felt liberating, had become a chore. He resolved that his next company would not be about a short-term payday. It would be about long-term growth, 4 about creating a place to which he and his employees would want to come every day. 5 At the age of twenty-four, Hsieh sold LinkExchange to Microsoft for $265 million. He used the money to help fund his second company, which was cofounded in 1999 with Alfred Lin, a Harvard classmate. Called Venture Frogs, the business was a venture capital firm investing in start-up businesses. A few of Venture Frogs investments ystem OpenTable?but as the dot. com bubble burst, most struggled to survive, and some were shuttered. Hsieh had been attracted to investing because it seemed to bring all the fun of start-ups on a larger scale; instead, it became a treadmill of meetings full of bad news. 0 What Hsieh wanted, he realized, was the unstructured fun of a 6 new company. As he puts it, I wanted to be involved in building something. One of the start-ups funded by Venture Frogs was the online shoe store Shoesite. om, founded in 7 San Francisco by Nicholas Swinmurn. Reflecting on Shoesite. com, Hsieh says, It was the most 8 nteresting opportunity, and the people were the most fun. Hsieh invested $500,000 in Shoesite. com, Joined the company, and subsequently renamed it Zappos. By the summer of 2000, Hsieh and Swinmurn were co-chief executives, and Zappos was operating out of Hsi ehs 9 living room. Zappos grew rapidly and soon was moved from San Francisco to Henderson, 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M. Chafkin, Get Happy: How Tony Hsieh Uses Relentless Innovation, Stellar Service, and a Staff of Believers to Make Zappos. om and Ecommerce Juggernautoand One of the Most Blissed-out Businesses in America, Inc. 31(4) (May 2009): 69. Ibid. J. M. OBrien, Zappos Knows How to Kick It, Fortune 159(2) (February 2, 2009): 56. Chafkin, Get Happy, 69. OBrien, Zappos Knows, 56. Chafkin, Get Happy, 70. H. Coster, A Step Ahead, Forbes Oune 2, 2008), forbes. com/global/ 2008/0602/064. html (accessed June 20, 2009). Chafktn, Get Happy, 70. Chafkin, Get Happy, 70; Coster, A Step Ahead. Nevada, Just outside of Las Vegas. When Swinmurn left the company in 2006, Hsieh became the 10 sole chief executive. The Zappos Culture 11 Zappos. This distinctive culture is built upon a foundation of ten core values that all Zapponians?the name that Zappos personnel give themselves?follow in their work lives. These values are as follows: 0 deliver WOW through service; 0 embrace and drive change; 0 create fun and a little weirdness; 0 be adventurous, creative, and open-minded; 0 pursue growth and learning; 0 build open and honest relationships with communication; 0 build a positive team and family spirit; 0 do more with less; 0 be passionate and determined; and 12 0 be humble. 3 Defining core values as a company is one thing. Performing them on a daily basis is another. So, how does Zappos put its core values into practice? First and foremost, Zappos builds its 14 culture, brand, and business strategies on these core values. Developing and maintaining the Zappos culture starts with the hiring process. Tony Hsieh says, [t]here are plenty of candidates who would be great individual contributors, bu t if they are not a cultural fit we would not hire them. we want people who are eager to live the Zappos lifestyle 15 and promote the Zappos culture?not a typical nine-to-five office employee. Culture building continues after the hiring process is over. In fact, it is an important ingredient of everyones Job. [A] passion for having fun is the unwritten requirement n everyones Job 16 description. And annually, the company publishes a Culture Book in which many of the associates explain what the Zappos culture means to them. Moreover, Zappos bases half of an 17 employees performance review on how well he/she has lived up to the companys values. Another important way in which the Zappos staff lives the companys core values is by striving to maintain the firms reputation for developing lifelong customer relationships. According to 10 14 15 16 17 Coster, A Step Ahead. Anonymous, Business: Keeper of the Flame; Face Value, The Economist 391 (8627) ulture/zappos-core-values (accessed Jun e 20, 2009). C. S. Cross, Dot. com Distribution, Industrial Engineer 40(11) (November 2008): 52. Zappos Core Values, http://about. zappos. com/our-unique-culture/zappos-core-values (accessed June 20, 2009). C. Gentry, cultural Revolution, Cham store Age 83(12) (December 2007): 32 and 34. Gentry, Cultural Revolution, 32. (April 18, 2009): 75. Hsieh, [i]f you get the culture right, you dont need to come up with a policy and procedure for 18 everything. Technology at Zappos While organizational culture drives Zappos. com, technology supports that culture nd the work of all Zappos employees in delivering great customer service. A prime example of the role that technology plays is provided by the Zappos distribution center (DC). Zappos has one central warehousing/distribution location rather than numerous regional sites. Physically situated in Shepherdsville, Kentucky, the DC is close to the United Parcel Service (UPS) World Port, the main air hub of UPS in Louisville. This enables Zappos to fill orders less than two hours after they are placed and to take advantage of the UPS late-night pickup 19 schedule. Craig Adkins, vice president of fulfillment operations for Zappos. om, explains the companys reasoning for having one central DC as opposed to a distributed network with several regional locations. Zappos would have to carry more inventory to spread it across multiple facilities. 0 If we were spread out throughout the country, we would be regionally closer, but we would actually be no closer to the customer than we are now. 0 If, for example, I had a building in Reno, and I wanted to serve my customers in California from there, I can actually get goods into 20 Los Angeles faster from Louisville than I cou ld from Nevada. How does technology nable the DC to contribute to fulfilling of the core value: Deliver WOW Through Service? It starts with the companys information technology, nearly all of which is developed in-house, linking its storage and shipping systems to the e-commerce site through a 21 central database. Inside the DC, all incoming shipments from suppliers are unpackaged immediately and placed on pickable shelves. This helps to make inventory management, product distribution, and customer ordering processes integrated and seamless. Craig Adkins explains, There are a million individual SKUs and 4 million items in inventory, so heres no need for a deep level of reserve storage. If you see it on our web site, its on our shelf. If the last item sells out, it comes off the web site automatically. We dont do back orders. Its a live inventory system, which almost 22 nobody does. A recent technological leap forward at the DC was the installation of 72 Kiva robots at a cost of $5 million. The Kiva bots pack 12 percent of the shipped items at the DC, based fulfillment process, says Adkins. The labor costs are 50%, and electrically its only using half as much 18 19 20 21 S. Murphy, Culture Conscious, Chain Store Age 83(9) (September 2007): 55. W. Hoffman, From Bricks to Clicks, Journal of Commerce (December 22, 2008), http:// www. Joc. com/node/408765 (accessed June 9, 2009). P. Barnard, The New Big Thing: Super-size DCs, Multichannel Merchant 25(11) (November 2008): 51 . M. Zager, Zappos Delivers Service With Shoes on the Side, Apparel Oanuary 2009), http:// www. apparelmag. com? ME2/dirmod. asp? sid=23B258090 (accessed June 9, 2009). Ibid. power as our old system. The Kiva bot system allows the Zappos DC to ship a pair of shoes 24 in as little as eight minutes. The Kiva system is extraordinarily flexible and can be adapted to other product lines s Zappos expands. The system can be reconfgured very easily, and it can be moved to any geographic 25 location. Craig Adkins describes the companys experience with the Kiva bots with enthusiasm and a definite view to the future: We were amazed that Kiva transformed our new warehouse from bare concrete to fully operational readiness? with trained supervisors and associates?Just four months after we signed the purchase order. Were already working on designs to cube out the 26 building with Kivas mobile fulfillment system (MFS) on the multi-level mezzanines. This case was written by Michael K. McCuddy, The Louis S. and Mary L. Morgal Chair of Christian Business Ethics and Professor of Management, College of Business Administration, Valparaiso University. C. Steiner, A Bot in Time Saves Nine, Forbes (March 16, 2009), http:// www. forbes. com/forbes/2009/0316/040_bot_times_saves_nine. html (accessed June 20, 2009). 24 25 26 Chafkin, Get Happy, 68. W. Atkinson, Robotics in Action sidebar to The Future Is Flexible, Modern Materials J. Teresko, Getting Lean with Armless Robots, Industry Week 257(9) (September 2008): 26. Student Essays Student Essay Student Essay Documented Opinion Essay TopicsTopics:   Choose a topic from your college major or career plan. Look in current newspapers and magazines for an area of contoversy or interest. The list below includes suggestions.   Brainstorm a list of ideas about your topic and begin to form ideas for developmentEducationHow does a college education prepare students for work   in the career you have chosenIs it better for government on private groups to provide services, such as schools or recycling, in your area of interestStudents at public colleges pay about one-fourth the cost of their education.   Who pays the rest? Is the subsidy justified?   Should students in your major be required to pay more?   Why or why notWhat math and writing skills are needed for success in your profession?   What GPA is requiredHealthcareGiven all the evidence that smoking is harmful, why do people continue to smokeWhy are Americans the most overweight people in the worldHow much should people exercise?    How can we get them to exercise moreShould physicians be prevented from intentionally providing people with the means to commit suicideShould nurses be allowed to write prescriptionsShould mail-order pharmacies be legalAre healthcare professionals motivated by money or concern for helping othersSmall businessWhat incubators are available in the Atlanta area and what advantages do they offerWhat factors are involved in franchisingTo what extent do Atlantas traffic problems limit its economic potentialGovernmentWhy does the United States have a higher rate of crime than almost all other advanced countriesShould states legalize gambling to raise more revenueJournalismWhat restrictions, if any, should news reporters observe in their investigations and reportingAre internet file-sharing services in violation of copyright lawsDocumented Opinion Essay TopicsCOMPUTERS IN MODERN LIFE1. We are becoming increasingly

HSTORY AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HSTORY AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION - Essay Example As a consequence they were in desperate need to pay their debts, for which they levied a variety of taxes. The so-called Navigation Acts were perhaps the first decision of the British Parliament to be received coldly by the American Colonials. These acts, technically several of them, dated back to the 1650’s and sought to mandate that all traded goods coming from the European continent and headed for the American Colonies must first pass through Great Britain so as to ensure that British merchants would benefit from the trade. They had for decades been ignored by the Americans who, in violation of these acts, simply traded as they wished (Beard 1944, p. 91). With the ruinous debt Britain faced after 1763, the Crown sought to pay that debt by taxing the colonies. If the acts had been applied uniformly to all subjects of the British Empire, then perhaps the Americans would not have been bothered by them. The opposite was the case. â€Å"The ‘main material part’ of the Navigation Acts [was] acceptable†¦Americans were not opposed to regulations of their general commerce by Parliament, ‘providing such regulations were bona fide for the benefit of the whole Empire, not for the small advantage of one part to the great injury of another’† (Doren 1938, p. 490). That was the background. The Molasses Act of 1733 had sought to tax molasses made in the French West Indies to the benefit of the more expensive British-made variety. The Americans, many of whom themselves shipped in the illegal molasses, openly refused to obey the 1733 legislation. In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which â€Å"reflected a shrewd effort by the ministry to balance American and British interests† (Henretta 2000, p. 149). The speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives argued that the duties on sugar constituted a tax, so that the Sugar Act was ‘contrary to a fundamental Principall of our Constitution: That all Taxes ought

Theories in Information Systems Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Theories in Information Systems - Coursework Example The behavior of actors like a particular individual or a whole organization upholds these institutions. One cognitive view advocates that a socialization process encodes a particular institution into a given actor. When the actor internalizes it, this transforms into a patterned behavior (script). Then the institution is reflected in this patterned behavior of the actor. This leads to the continuous reproduction of the institutions. When these institutions are enacted through the behavior of the actors, then other actors are able to witness this. This is the external manifestation of the institution which gives rise to a new process of socialization. However, after the passage of time, this externalization of the institutions through the behavior of its actors becomes an accepted fact. Then, the actors sometimes fail to realize their own behavior is actually reflective of an institution. Persons sharing the institution view it as perfectly logical for the behavior of the actors to be influenced by the institution.Organizational Learning Theory: This theory states that â€Å"in order to be competitive in a changing environment, organizations must change their goals and actions to reach those goals.† There are certain actions that the firm must consciously undertake to foster learning. When circumstances around it change, the firm must change its actions and it needs to be aware of the outcomes of its actions. The firm should be able to link its actions to their respective outcomes.... cultural explanations and an interest in properties of supra-individual units of analysis that cannot be reduced to aggregations or direct consequences of individuals’ attributes or motives.† The behavior of actors like a particular individual or a whole organization upholds these institutions. One cognitive view advocates that a socialization process encodes a particular institution into a given actor. When the actor internalizes it, this transforms into a patterned behavior (script). Then the institution is reflected through this patterned behavior of the actor. This leads to the continuous reproduction of the institutions. When these institutions are enacted through the behavior of the actors, then other actors are able to witness this. This is the external manifestation of the institution which gives rise to a new process of socialization. However, after the passage of time, this externalization of the institutions through the behavior of its actors becomes an accept ed fact. Then, the actors sometimes fail to realize their own behavior is actually reflective of an institution. Persons sharing the institution view it as perfectly logical for the behavior of the actors to be influenced by the institution. (York University 2010) Organizational Learning Theory: This theory states that â€Å"in order to be competitive in a changing environment, organizations must change their goals and actions to reach those goals.† There are certain actions that the firm must consciously undertake to foster learning. When circumstances around it change, the firm must change its actions and it needs to be aware of the outcomes of its actions. The firm should be able to link its actions to their respective outcomes. Under this theory, first the individuals participate in the initial

Climate Change Essay Example for Free

Climate Change Essay Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world; these latter effects are currently causing global warming, and climate change is often used to describe human-specific impacts. Causes of climate change Natural causes Continental drift You may have noticed something peculiar about South America and Africa on a map of the world dont they seem to fit into each other like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle? About 200 million years ago they were joined together! Scientists believe that back then, the earth was not as we see it today, but the continents were all part of one large landmass. Proof of this comes from the similarity between plant and animal fossils and broad belts of rocks found on the eastern coastline of South America and western coastline of Africa, which are now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean. The discovery of fossils of tropical plants (in the form of coal deposits) in Antarctica has led to the conclusion that this frozen land at some time in the past, must have been situated closer to the equator, where the climate was tropical, with swamps and plenty of lush vegetation. The continents that we are familiar with today were formed when the landmass began gradually drifting apart, millions of years back. This drift also had an impact on the climate because it changed the physical features of the landmass, their position and the position of water bodies. The separation of the landmasses changed the flow of ocean currents and winds, which affected the climate. This drift of the continents continues even today; the Himalayan range is rising by about 1 mm (millimeter) every year because the Indian land mass is moving towards the Asian land mass, slowly but steadily. Volcanoes When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapor, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. Although the volcanic activity may last only a few days, yet the large volumes of gases and ash can influence climatic patterns for years. Millions of tons of sulphur dioxide gas can reach the upper levels of the atmosphere (called the stratosphere) from a major eruption. The gases and dust particles partially block the incoming rays of the sun, leading to cooling. Sulphur dioxide combines with water to form tiny droplets of sulphuric acid. These droplets are so small that many of them can stay aloft for several years. The earths tilt The earth makes one full orbit around the sun each year. It is tilted at an angle of 23.5 ° to the perpendicular plane of its orbital path. For one half of the year when it is summer, the northern hemisphere tilts towards the sun. In the other half when it is winter, the earth is tilted away from the sun. If there was no tilt we would not have experienced seasons. Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons more tilt means warmer summers and colder winters; less tilt means cooler summers and milder winters. The Earths orbit is somewhat elliptical, which means that the distance between the earth and the Sun varies over the course of a year. We usually think of the earths axis as being fixed, after all, it always seems to point toward Polaris (also known as the Pole Star and the North Star). Actually, it is not quite constant: the axis does move, at the rate of a little more than a half-degree each century. So Polaris has not always been, and will not always be, the star pointing to the North. When the pyramids were built, around 2500 BC, the pole was near the star Thuban (Alpha Draconis). This gradual change in the direction of the earths axis, called precession is responsible for changes in the climate. Ocean currents The oceans are a major component of the climate system. They cover about 71% of the Earth and absorb about twice as much of the suns radiation as the atmosphere or the land surface. Ocean currents move vast amounts of heat across the planet roughly the same amount as the atmosphere does. But the oceans are surrounded by land masses, so heat transport through the water is through channels. Ocean currents have been known to change direction or slow down. Much of the heat that escapes from the oceans is in the form of water vapour, the most abundant greenhouse gas on Earth. Yet, water vapor also contributes to the formation of clouds, which shade the surface and have a net cooling effect. Any or all of these phenomena can have an impact on the climate, as is believed to have happened at the end of the last Ice Age, about 14,000 years ago. Human causes Greenhouse gases and their sources Carbon dioxide is undoubtedly, the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Changes in land use pattern, deforestation, land clearing, agriculture, and other activities have all led to a rise in the emission of carbon dioxide. Methane is another important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. About  ¼ of all methane emissions are said to come from domesticated animals such as dairy cows, goats, pigs, buffaloes, camels, horses, and sheep. These animals produce methane during the cud-chewing process Methane is also emitted from landfills and other waste dumps. If the waste is put into an incinerator or burnt in the open, carbon dioxide is emitted. Methane is also emitted during the process of oil drilling, coal mining and also from leaking gas pipelines (due to accidents and poor maintenance of sites). A large amount of nitrous oxide emission has been attributed to fertilizer application. This in turn depends on the type of fertilizer that is used, how and when it is used and the methods of tilling that are followed. Contributions are also made by leguminous plants, such as beans and pulses that add nitrogen to the soil. How we all contribute every day All of us in our daily lives contribute our bit to this change in the climate. Give these points a good, serious thought: Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on electricity generated mainly from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants are run on fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Cars, buses, and trucks are the principal ways by which goods and people are transported in most of our cities. These are run mainly on petrol or diesel, both fossil fuels. We generate large quantities of waste in the form of plastics that remain in the environment for many years and cause damage. We use a huge quantity of paper in our work at schools and in offices. Have we ever thought about the number of trees that we use in a day? Timber is used in large quantities for construction of houses, which means that large areas of forest have to be cut down. A growing population has meant more and more mouths to feed. Because the land area available for agriculture is limited (and in fact, is actually shrinking as a result of ecological degradation!), high-yielding varieties of crop are being grown to increase the agricultural output from a given area of land. However, such high-yielding varieties of crops require large quantities of fertilizers; and more fertilizer means more emissions of nitrous oxide, both from the field into which it is put and the fertilizer industry that makes it. Pollution also results from the run-off of fertilizer into water bodies. Effects of Climate Change Today Over 100 years ago, people worldwide began burning more coal and oil for homes, factories, and transportation. Burning these fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These added greenhouses gases have caused Earth to warm more quickly than it has in the past. Sea level is rising. During the 20th century, sea level rose about 15 cm (6 inches) due to melting glacier ice and expansion of warmer seawater. Models predict that sea level may rise as much as 59 cm (23 inches) during the 21st Century, threatening coastal communities, wetlands, and coral reefs. Arctic sea ice is melting. The summer thickness of sea ice is about half of what it was in 1950. Melting ice may lead to changes in ocean circulation. Plus melting sea ice is speeding up warming in the Arctic. Glaciers and permafrost are melting. Over the past 100 years, mountain glaciers in all areas of the world have decreased in size and so has the amount of permafrost in the Arctic. Greenlands ice sheet is melting faster too. Sea-surface temperatures are warming. Warmer waters in the shallow oceans have contributed to the death of about a quarter of the worlds coral reefs in the last few decades. Many of the coral animals died after weakened by bleaching, a process tied to warmed waters. The temperatures of large lakes are warming. The temperatures of large lakes world-wide have risen dramatically. Temperature rises have increased algal blooms in lakes, favor invasive species, increase stratification in lakes and lower lake levels. Heavier rainfall cause flooding in many regions. Warmer temperatures have led to more intense rainfall events in some areas. This can cause flooding. Extreme drought is increasing. Higher temperatures cause a higher rate of evaporation and more drought in some areas of the world. Crops are withering. Increased temperatures and extreme drought are causing a decline in crop productivity around the world. Decreased crop productivity can mean food shortages which have many social implications. Ecosystems are changing. As temperatures warm, species may either move to a cooler habitat or die. Species that are particularly vulnerable include endangered species, coral reefs, and polar animals. Warming has also caused changes in the timing of spring events and the length of the growing season. Hurricanes have changed in frequency and strength. There is evidence that the number of intense hurricanes has increased in the Atlantic since 1970. Scientists continue to study whether climate is the cause. More frequent heat waves. It is likely that heat waves have become more common in more areas of the world. Warmer temperatures affect human health. There have been more deaths due to heat waves and more allergy attacks as the pollen season grows longer. There have also been some changes in the ranges of animals that carry disease like mosquitoes. Seawater is becoming more acidic. Carbon dioxide dissolving into the oceans, is making seawater more acidic. There could be impacts on coral reefs and other marine life.

Rates of Reactions :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rates of Reactions Aim: I am going to investigate how the rate of the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid depends on the concentration of sodium thiosulphate. The reaction rate of a chemical reaction is the speed of production of products from reactants. Sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid ==> sodium chloride + sulphur dioxide + water + sulphur Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) ==> 2NaCl (aq) + SO2 (aq) + H2O (l) + S(s) The solid sulphur (S(s)) formed in this reaction makes the colourless solution go cloudy. Factors: The factors I believe that will affect what happens in the investigation are: * Catalyst- A catalyst s a substance which alters the rate of a chemical reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. - A catalyst speeds up a reaction; an inhibitor (a substance) slows it down. * Concentration- The more concentrated the faster the rate (note in some cases the rate may be unaffected by the concentration of a particular reactant provided it is present at a minimum concentration). Remember for gasses, increasing the pressure simply increases the concentration so that's the same thing. * Surface area- greater surface area and since the reaction occurs at the surface we get a faster rate. * Temperature- Usually reactions speed up with increasing temperature ("100C rise doubles rate"). The collision theory: Particles need to collide with each other to react and the collision theory is all about this. The can be affected by the temperature of the particles, the concentration of the particles, whether a catalyst is used or the surface area (if the particles are solid). Temperature affects the rate of a reaction because if particles are cold, they move slowly and there are few collisions between them. But when they are heated up they move much faster or you can also say they have more kinetic energy. When the move faster there is more of a chance of a collision. More collisions means that the reaction goes faster - its rate increases. Concentration of the acid used also affects the rate because when there is a higher concentration (more acid) there are more particles to collide with each other-more collisions means that the reaction goes faster. A catalyst is a substance that can speed up a chemical reaction without actually being used up in the reaction. It gives the particles a surface to stick to so they can collide with each other there - more collisions. Again when there are more collisions this causes the reaction to go faster. Surface area also affects the rate of a reaction if the particles are

A multicultural counselor Essay

It is crucial that a multicultural counselor have ample strategies in order to be effective in multicultural counseling. This is because the counselor handles clients who have diverse cultures and, therefore, need to be adaptive to the various cultural values and beliefs of the client. In order, for a multicultural counselor to be effective, it is vital that the counselor should first understand his or her own culture. This understanding of own culture comprises being aware of one own life philosophies, being able to recognize the different structures involved in reasoning and also being aware of how the understanding effect ones communication and also the style one uses to assist the client. Lack of this understanding may make the counseling process ineffective. Self-awareness helps the counselor identify specific cultural values and the influence they may have in the counseling process. This helps the multicultural counselor be able to counter the effects that the values may pose to the counseling intervention. It is also necessary that multicultural counselor prevent adhering to a specific counseling theory during the counseling process. This is because many cultural groups do not share the type of values, which are implied by the counseling methods (Gielen, Draguns & Fish, 2008). The various values usually do not share the same expectations for the conduct or the outcome of the counseling session of the counselor. This calls for a need for the counselor carry out an investigation about their clients cultural background, be open and flexible to the definitions of the appropriate of the correct behaviors according to the cultural values of the client. It is also beneficial for the multicultural counselor to have an understanding of many languages. This is because language barriers act as a hindrance to effective multicultural counseling. As a result, of the language barrier, the client and the counselor may not understand each other well making the client unable to express the complexity in their thoughts and their feelings. This may also make the counselor feel frustrated due to lack of bilingual ability. Language barriers also lead the counselor to offer the wrong diagnosis (Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2009). Multicultural counselor should acknowledge cultural diversity he or she should appreciate the value of different cultures and use it in assisting the client. The counselor should not have any cultural bias or carry cultural stereotypes into the counseling process. He or she is supposed to understand that all cultural values are the same, and they should be respected. Respect of cultural diversity plays a great part in enhancing the effectiveness of multicultural counseling. This also calls for the multicultural counselor to have humility and modesty. (Gielen, Draguns & Fish, 2008). It is also essential that a multicultural counselor should have social conflict resolution strategies in order to carry out an effective counseling. This helps the counselor to be able to help the client to solve the problems he or she may be experiencing within himself and the conflict that may be existing between him or her and the community. It is also important that multicultural counselor take a pluralistic view in the counseling process. This is where the counselor puts into consideration all aspects of the client’s personal history, social and cultural orientation. (Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2009). Therefore, it is important that multicultural counselors avoid culture stereotypes and false expectation. This is done by understanding their clients’ background and finding the most appropriate strategies to employ in the counseling process. The strategies should suit the needs of the client. The counselor should be sensitive the cultural values of the client. Reference Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD), (2009) Journal of Multicultural Counseling, Birmingham, England, retrieved www. multiculturalcenter. org/jmcd/ on 8 April 2010. Gielen, U. Draguns, J. & Fish, J. (2008) Principles of multicultural counseling and therapy, New York, Brunner-Routledge, retrieved from http://www. netLibrary. com/urlapi. asp? action=summary&v=1&bookid=233302 on 8 April 2010.